PART D:
HEAT PROCESSING INDUSTRIES
1. Heat processing industries are those using primarily heat to refine, separate,
or reform raw materials, or to derive energy from them.
General recognition
features are:
Few pipelines or closed tanks
Tall chimneys or many stacks
Large quantity of fuel or coal
Kilns.
2. The image components are divided
into
three
major
categories:
equipment,
buildings, and open storage and waste.
a. Equipment is presented under the following headings: chimneys, stacks, and
vents; cooling towers; kilns; silos, tanks, hoppers, bins, and bunkers; pipelines,
conveyors, cranes and mobile equipment; and complex equipment.
(1)
Chimneys, stacks, and vents serve similar purposes to that of
mechanical and chemical processing industries--to dispose of heat, waste gases, and
fine dust.
Stacks are characteristic of heat processing industries; they may be
built of masonry or sheet metal and vary in diameter and height.
Huge, free-
standing masonry stacks are associated with nonferrous smelters and dispose the
noxious fumes high in the air. Open hearth steel furnaces have numbers of stacks
arranged in a row. Vents are common on processing buildings and used to dispose of
heat, dust, and fumes.
Open monitor-like vents are characteristic of roaster,
furnace, and casting buildings, where the heat and noxious fumes are excessive
(Figures A-1 thru A-10).
(2)
Cooling towers are tall and narrow, rectangular, round or polygonal.
Water is cooled by exposure to the air and by evaporation in these structures, and
then reused (Figures A-11 and A-12).
plants from boiler houses.
(3) Kilns are used to dry or calcine bulk materials, and to fire or partially
vitrify brick and other clay products.
Rotary kilns look like slightly inclined
tanks or long tubes; vertical kilns appear as towerlike structures. Both types may
be sheltered in buildings.
Beehive and oval kilns are used for clay products
(Figures A-13 thru A-16).
(4) Silos, tanks, hoppers, bins, and bunkers are used for storage.
Silos,
tall, covered cylindrical containers, hold dry bulk materials.
Round tanks hold
fuel or water.
Spray ponds, found at many plants, usually appear as square or
rectangular low tanks. Hoppers and
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