f. Fishing, farming and wood cutting are also functional in the extraction industry. These
functions are very important in third world countries for survival alone. However, modernized
countries are using entire fishing fleets.
3. Recognition features. Even though you may have excellent photography of an extraction
industry, it is usually very difficult to determine the specific industry and end product without ground
intelligence. However, the following recognition features or image components (Figure 2-1) will
assist you in identifying components of extraction industrial facilities:
Figure 2-1. Typical Extraction Industry Recognition
Features/Image Components.
NOTE:
Most of the above components are also covered in the industry outdoor equipment key
(Figure 2-3).
a. Excavations. The scars on the earth's surface which indicate removal of material not only
change the topography, but also interrupt the continuity of vegetation and soil tone. The size of the
excavation if frequently an indication of the duration of the operation. The size may range from
huge open pit mines covering square miles to indistinct bank mine entrances in a hillside. The
area disturbed by peat cutting and strip mines may be great although only a thin layer of material is
removed.
b. Handling equipment. Tanks found in oil fields may be round covered tanks or open
earthen reservoirs. They hold crude oil recovered from the wells until it can be shipped to the
refinery. Open oil storage reservoirs are distinguished on aerial photos by their consistently dark
tone. Bins and hoppers serve as useful temporary containers for ore, gravel or rock.
(1) In addition to the pipelines associated with oil fields and dredging operations, such
other handling equipment as hoists and conveyors are used to carry heavy bulk raw materials and
waste. They are most useful where slopes are steep, the terrain is rugged, and where large
quantities of bulk materials must be moved between two places
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