(1) Chimneys, stacks, and vents all serve similar purposes (as in mechanical
processing industrious) --to dispose of heat, waste gases, and fine dust.
Stacks
are built of masonry or sheet metal, and vary in diameter and height.
In many
chemical plants stacks are common and help identify a single building or piece of
equipment, such as boiler houses and pipe furnaces. Vents are common on processing
buildings and dispose of heat, dust, and fumes (Figures A1 thru A10).
(2) Cooling towers are tall and narrow, rectangular, or polygonal.
Water is
cooled by exposure to the air and by evaporation in these structures, and then
reused. The cooled water is then reused (Figures A-11 and A-12).
(3) Kilns are used to dry bulk materials.
Rotary kilns look like slightly
inclined tanks or long tubes, while vertical kilns appear as complex towerlike,
tanklike, and boxlike structures (Figures A-13 thru A-16).
(4) Silos, tanks, hoppers, and bunkers are used for storage; some tanks have
processing functions.
Silos, tall, covered cylindrical containers, hold dry bulk
materials. Tanks are subdivided into closed vertical, closed horizontal, and open.
Covered round tanks hold a wide range of liquids as well as gases in specially
designed gasholders.
Horizontal tanks with round ends usually hold gases under
pressure.
Most of the low open tanks are used for processing.
Spray ponds are
usually square or rectangular.
Tanks associated with other components aid in
identification.
Hoppers and bunkers hold bulk goods temporarily and reveal the
flow of materials (Figures A-17 thru A-37).
(5) Pipelines, conveyors, cranes, and mobile equipment are used to handle or
transport materials.
Pipelines are found in all chemical plants and frequently
seen in large numbers.
Conveyors, either inclined or horizontal, housed or open,
handle bulk materials between storage areas and processing buildings. They usually
appear wider than pipelines and have flat surfaces.
Cranes handle bulk raw
materials such as coal, bauxite, and oyster shells (Figures A-38 thru A-52).
(6) Complex equipment is frequently used in chemical plants; it appears
towerlike, tanklike, or boxlike. Towerlike equipment is represented by gas retorts
and shell stalls.
Boxlike equipment includes hydrogenation stalls (Figures A-53
thru A-59).
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